Bihar Board 12th Biology Objective Questions and Answers
Bihar Board 12th Biology Objective Answers Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications
Question 1.
All are the biotechnological applications in order to increase food production except
(a) apiculture
(b) agro-chemical based agriculture
(c) organic farming
(d) genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
Answer:
(a) apiculture
Question 2.
Agro-chemical based agriculture includes
(a) fertilisers and pesticides
(b) genetically modified crops
(c) RNA interference
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(a) fertilisers and pesticides
Question 3.
‘Golden rice’ developed through transgene approach is enriched with
(a) high lysine content
(b) high methionine content
(c) high glutenin content
(d) high vitamin A content.
Answer:
(d) high vitamin A content.
Question 4.
Goldlen rice is yellow in colour due to the presence of 15.
(a) riboflavins
(b) β – carotene
(c) vitamin B1
(d) complex genetic material.
Answer:
(b) β – carotene
Question 5.
First genetically modified plant commercially released injndia is
(a) golden rice
(b) FlavrSavr
(c) Bt brinjal
(d) Bt cotton.
Answer:
(d) Bt cotton.
Question 6.
Which one of the following is not used as biofertiliser ?
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Anabaena
(c) Nostoc
(d) Rhizobium
Answer:
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
Question 7.
Which of the following agricultural challenges cannot be solved with transgenic techniques ?
(a) Crops are damaged by frost or drought 17,
(b) Crops are damaged by insect pests
(c) Public concern about safety of synthetic pesticides
(d) Public preference for organic vegetables
Answer:
(d) Public preference for organic vegetables
Question 8.
Bt toxins are
(a) intracellular lipids 18.
(b) intracellular crystalline proteins
(c) extracellular crystalline proteins
(d) intracellular polysaccharides
Answer:
(b) intracellular crystalline proteins
Question 9.
Bt toxin protein crystals present in bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, do not kill the bacteria themselves because
(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin
(b) toxins occur as inactive protoxins in bacteria
(c) bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) toxins occur as inactive protoxins in bacteria
Question 10.
What causes the inactive form of Bt toxin i.e., protoxin to get converted into its active form in the body of an insect ?
(a) Temperature of the gut
(b) Enzymes present in the saliva
(c) Alkaline pH of the gut
(d) There is no specific reason.
Answer:
(c) Alkaline pH of the gut
Question 11.
Which of the following genes were introduced in cotton to protect it from cotton bollworms ?
(a) Cry Ac and CryAb
(b) BtAc and Btab
(c) CrylAc and CryllAb
(d) Nif genes
Answer:
(c) CrylAc and CryllAb
Question 12.
Cry 11 Ab and and crylAb produce toxins that control
(a) cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively 23
(b) corn borer and cotton bollworms respectively
(c) tobacco budworms and nematodes respectively
(d) nematodes and tobacco budworms respectively.
Answer:
(a) cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively 23
Question 13.
Bt corn has been made resistant from corn borer 24. disease by introduction of the gene
(a) crylAb
(b) cryllAb
(c) ampR
(d) Trp.
Answer:
(a) crylAb
Question 14.
The process of RNA interference has been used to make tobacco plant resistant to 25.
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Meloidogyne incognita
(c) flies and mosquitoes
(d) Both (a) and (b).
Answer:
(b) Meloidogyne incognita
Question 15.
roots of tobacco plants ?
(a) Agrobactcrium tumefaciens
(b) Rhizobium leguminosarum
(c) Meloidogyne incognita
(d) Taenia solium
Answer:
(c) Meloidogyne incognita
Question 16.
RNA interference involves
(a) synthesis of cDNA and RNA using reverse transcriptase
(b) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
(c) interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA
(d) synthesis of mRNA from DNA.
Answer:
(b) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
Question 17.
The transgenic plant ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato carries an artificial gene of
(a) delayed ripening process
(b) longer shelf life
(c) enhanced flavour
(d) all of these
Answer:
(d) all of these
Question 18.
‘Flavr Savr’ variety of tomato which remains fresh for a longer period than normal tomato variety
(a) has high amount of enzyme polygalacturonase
(b) has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase
(c) is a pest resistant variety
(d) is rich in vitamin A and prevents night blindness. ‘
Answer:
(b) has reduced amount of enzyme polygalacturonase
Question 19.
Nif gene for nitrogen fixation in cereal crops like wheat, jowar etc., is introduced by cloning
(a) Rhizobium meliloti
(b) Bacillus thuringiensis
(c) Rhizopus stolonifer
(d) Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Answer:
(a) Rhizobium meliloti
Question 20.
How many recombinant therapeutics worldwide have been approved for human use ?
(a) 13
(b) 25
(c) 30
(d) 40
Answer:
(c) 30
Question 21.
How many recombinant therapeutics are being marketed in India ?
(a) 8
(b) 12
(c) 15
(d) 30
Answer:
(b) 12
Question 22.
During the processing of proinsulin into the mature insulin
(a) C – peptide is added to proinsulin
(b) C – peptide is removed from proinsulin
(c) B – peptide is added to proinsulin
(d) B – peptide is removed from proinsulin.
Answer:
(b) C – peptide is removed from proinsulin
Question 23.
Which of the following companies started selling humulin in the year 1983 ?
(a) EliLilly
(b) Genetech
(c) GEAC
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) EliLilly
Question 24.
Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
(a) Mycobacterium
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Saccharomyces
(d) Escherichia.
Answer:
(d) Escherichia.
Question 25.
A genetic disorder can be cured through
(a) rDNA technology
(b) embryo transfer
(c) gene therapy
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(c) gene therapy
Question 26.
Gene therapy can be referred to as
(a) pre-clinical testing for inherited diseases in newborns
(b) treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect
(c) genetic engineering using rDNA technology
(d) cancer treatment using in vitro cultured stem cells.
Answer:
(b) treatment of diseases caused by genetic defect
Question 27.
What might be an advantage of beginning gene therapy prior to birth ?
(a) This would give the body plenty of time to utilise the new genes.
(b) The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self.
(c) The cells being extremely young, are more receptive of gene therapy.
(d) There probably is not any advantage.
Answer:
(b) The body would not reject it as it has not yet recognised ‘self.
Question 28.
Early detection of a disease is possible by
(a) PCR
(b) gene therapy
(c) recombinant DNA technology and ELISA
(d) Both (a) and (c).
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (c).
Question 29.
It is a single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive molecule and is used to detect mutated genes.
(a) RNAi
(b) Probe
(c) Plasmid
(d) Primer Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is
Answer:
(b) Probe
Question 30.
(a) polymerase chain reaction
(b) gel electrophoresis
(c) chromatography
(d) autoradiography.
Answer:
(d) autoradiography.
Question 31.
Molecular probes are used for many genetic disorders like
(a) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(b) cystic fibrosis
(c) Tay-Sachs disease
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.
Question 32.
Second generation vaccines are prepared by recombinant DNA technology. Which out of the following are the examples of such vaccines ?
(a) Hepatitis B virus vaccine
(b) Herpes virus vaccine
(c) Salk’s polio vaccine
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 33.
Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express a foreign gene are called
(a) transgenic animals
(b) somatic hybrids
(c) somaclones
(d) super animals.
Answer:
(a) transgenic animals
Question 34.
95% of the existing transgenic animals are
(a) fish
(b) pigs
(c) sheep
(d) mice.
Answer:
(d) mice.
Question 35.
The transgenic animals are those which have
(a) foreign RNA in all its cells
(b) foreign DNA in some of its cells
(c) foreign DNA in all its cells
(d) both (a) and (c).
Answer:
(c) foreign DNA in all its cells
Question 36.
Giant mouse has been produced through
(a) gene transfer
(b) gene differentiation
(c) tissue culture
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(a) gene transfer
Question 37.
What is ANDI ?
(a) Transgenic cow
(b) Transgenic dog
(c) Transgenic sheep
(d) Transgenic monkey
Answer:
(d) Transgenic monkey
Question 38.
Given are names of some transgenic animals. Identify the name of transgenic sheep.
(a) Rosie
(b) Dogie
(c) Tracy
(d) ANDI
Answer:
(c) Tracy
Question 39.
Which of the following is not a genetically modified organism (GMO) ?
(a) Golden rice
(b) Rosie
(c) Dogie
(d) Dolly
Answer:
(d) Dolly
Question 40.
A Human protein which is being obtained from transgenic animals and is used to treat emphysema is
(a) alpha-lactalbumin
(b) thyroxine
(c) α – 1 – antitrypsin
(d) insulin.
Answer:
(c) a-1-antitrypsin
Question 41.
Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals ?
(a) Investigation of new treatments for diseases
(b) Early detection of diseases
(c) Testing the safety of vaccines
(d) To produce useful biological products
Answer:
(b) Early detection of diseases
Question 42.
GEAC stands for
(a) Genome Engineering Action Committee
(b) Ground Environment Action Committee
(c) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(d) Genetic and Environment Approval Committee.
Answer:
(c) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
Question 43.
α – 1 – antitrypsin is
(a) an antacid
(b) an enzyme
(c) used to treat arthritis
(d) used to treat emphysema.
Answer:
(d) used to treat emphysema.
Question 44.
A probe which is a molecule used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules could be
(a) a single stranded RNA
(b) a single stranded DNA
(c) either RNA or DNA
(d) can be ssDNA but not ssRNA.
Answer:
(a) a single stranded RNA, (b) a single stranded DNA
Question 45.
The site of production of ADA in the body is
(a) erythrocytes
(b) lymphocytes
(c) blood plasma
(d) osteocytes.
Answer:
(b) lymphocytes
Question 46.
A protoxin is
(a) a primitive toxin
(b) a denatured toxin
(c) toxin produced by protozoa
(d) inactive toxin.
Answer:
(d) inactive toxin.
Question 47.
Pathophysiology is the
(a) study of physiology of pathogen
(b) study of normal physiology of host
(c) study of altered physiology of host
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) study of altered physiology of host
Question 48.
The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is
(a) acidic pH of stomach
(b) high temperature
(c) alkaline pH of gut
(d) mechanical action in the insect gut.
Answer:
(c) alkaline pH of gut
Question 49.
Golden rice is
(a) a variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China
(b) long stored rice having yellow colour tint
(c) a transgenic rice having gene for β -carotene
(d) wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains.
Answer:
(c) a transgenic rice having gene for β -carotene
Question 50.
In RNAi, genes are silenced using
(a) ssDNA
(b) dsDNA
(c) dsRNA
(d) ssRNA.
Answer:
(c) dsRNA
Question 51.
The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of
(a) AIDS
(b) cancer
(c) cystic fibrosis
(d) SCID (Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency resultng form deficiency of ADA).
Answer:
(d) SCID (Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency resultng form deficiency of ADA).
Question 52.
Silencing of a gene could be achieved through the use of
(a) RNAi only
(b) antisense RNA only
(c) both RNAi and antisense RNA
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) both RNAi and antisense RNA
Question 53.
Rules of conduct that may be used to regulate our activities in relation to the biological world is called
(a) bioethics
(b) biowar
(c) biopatent
(d) biopiracy.
Answer:
(a) bioethics
Question 54.
Which variety of rice was patented by a U.S. company even though the highest number of varieties of this rice are found in India ?
(a) Sharbati Sonora
(b) Co-667
(c) Basmati
(d) LermaRojo
Answer:
(c) Basmati
Question 55.
Which of the following has been covered under the broad patent category ?
(a) Triticum
(b) Oryza
(c) Pisum sativum
(d) Brassica
Answer:
(b) Oryza
Question 56.
Biopiracy means
(a) use of bippatents
(b) thefts of plants and animals
(c) stealing of bioresources
(d) exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission.
Answer:
(d) exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission.
Question 57.
Which step has been taken by Government of India to cater to the requirement of patent terms and other emergency provisions in this regard ?
(a) Biopiracy act
(b) Indian Patents Bill
(c) ETIact
(d) Negotiable instruments act
Answer:
(b) Indian Patents Bill
Question 58.
Potential pathogens for bioweapons are
(a) Bacillus anthracis
(b) Yerisinia pestis
(c) Vibrio cholerae
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(d) all of these.
Question 59.
Bt cotton is not
(a) a GM-plant
(b) insect resistant
(c) a bacterial gene expressing system
(d) resistant to all pesticides.
Answer:
(d) resistant to all pesticides.
Question 60.
C-peptide of human insulin is
(a) a part of mature insulin molecule
(b) responsible for formation of disulphide bridges
(c) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin
(d) responsible for its biological activity.
Answer:
(c) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin